Apache+Tomcat构建Tomcat负载均衡集群

apache文章/教程4个月前发布勤奋小助

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一、环境介绍
二、安装后端服务器

三、安装前端Apache服务

四、配置Apache使用mod_jk模块实现代理及负载均衡

五、配置Apache基于mod_proxy模块实现代理及负载均衡

六、论坛安装

七、安装并配置Keepalived实现前端高可用

一、环境介绍

系统版本：CentOS 6.4_x86_64

Mysql版本：mysql-5.1.66-2.el6_3.x86_64

Apache版本：httpd-2.2.25 点此下载

Keepalived版本：keepalived-1.2.7 点此下载

Tomcat版本：apache-tomcat-7.0.33 点此下载

Jdk版本： jdk-7u40-linux-x64 点此下载

Tomcat-commectors版本：tomcat-connectors-1.2.37 点此下载

论坛版本：JspRun!_6.0.0_GBK 点此下载

环境介绍：

当用户通过 “www.allen.com” 域名访问时，首先是由前端两台Apache代理服务器响应并转发到后端Tomcat服务器上，而在Apache上做的是反向代理负载均衡到后端Tomcat服务器上，前端服务器使用Keepalived做的高可用集群，【Apache1默认为Master，Apache2为Backup】虚拟IP地址为”172.16.14.10″模拟为公网IP；当然这里数据库只有一台主机会成为点故障，这里不要介绍Mysql的高可用，如果有兴趣可以看前面写的博客

提示：这里使用Keepalived做高可用时，前面所有的服务都已完成后，最后实现的对前端服务器做高可用

二、安装后端Tomcat与Mysql服务器

1、在Tomcat1与Tomcat2服务器上安装Tomcat，安装方法相同，这里只介绍一次

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33 安装JDK
# rpm -ivh jdk-7u40-linux-x64.rpm
# vim /etc/profile.d/java.sh
exportJAVA_HOME=/usr/java/latest
exportPATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH
# . /etc/profile.d/java.sh
# java -version
java version "1.7.0_40"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.7.0_40-b43)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 24.0-b56, mixed mode)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
安装Tomcat
# tar xf apache-tomcat-7.0.33.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
# cd /usr/local/
# ln -s apache-tomcat-7.0.33 tomcat
# vim /etc/profile.d/tomcat.sh
exportCATALINA_HOME=/usr/local/tomcat
exportPATH=$CATALINA_HOME/bin:$PATH
# . /etc/profile.d/tomcat.sh
# catalina.sh version
Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp
Using JRE_HOME: /usr/java/latest
Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
Server version: Apache Tomcat/7.0.33
Server built: Nov 18 2012 04:15:21
Server number: 7.0.33.0
OS Name: Linux
OS Version: 2.6.32-358.el6.x86_64
Architecture: amd64
JVM Version: 1.7.0_40-b43
JVM Vendor: Oracle Corporation

2、启动Tomcat服务并访问测试，默认访问端口为”8080″;如下

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11 # catalina.sh start
Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp
Using JRE_HOME: /usr/java/latest
Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
# jps
2283 Jps
2272 Bootstrap
# ss -tanlp | grep 8080
LISTEN 0 100 :::8080 :::* users:(("java",2272,40))

3、开启Tomcat管理及状态页面

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# vim /usr/local/tomcat/conf/tomcat-users.xml

<role rolename="manager-gui"/>

<role rolename="admin-gui"/>

<user username="allen"password="admin"roles="manager-gui,admin-gui"/>

# catalina.sh stop
# catalina.sh start

4、访问Tomcat后台管理

5、安装Mysql服务器

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######安装Mysql并创建数据库，授权用户访问新创建的数据库有所有权，方便后面使用
[[email protected] ~]# yum -y install mysql-server
[[email protected] ~]# service mysqld start
[[email protected] ~]# mysql
mysql> create database bbs;

mysql> grant all on bbs.* to 'bbsuser'@'172.16.%.%'identified by 'bbspass';

mysql> flush privileges;
----------------------------------------------------------------------
远程连接数据库测试授权用户是否能连接成功
# mysql -ubbsuser -pbbspass -h 172.16.14.5 -e 'show databases';
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| bbs |

| test|

+--------------------+

三、安装前端Apache服务

1、在Apache1与Apache2服务器上安装Httpd软件，安装方法相同，这里只介绍一次

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# tar xf httpd-2.2.25.tar.bz2
# cd httpd-2.2.25
# yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ openssl-devel pcre-devel

# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache --sysconfdir=/etc/httpd --enable-modules=most --enable-so --enable-ssl --enable-cgi --enable-rewrite --with-zlib --with-pcre --enable-mpms-shared=all --with-mpm=prefork --enable-proxy --enable-proxy-http --enable-proxy-ajp --enable-proxy-balancer --enable-cache --enable-cache-disk --enable-mem-cache --enable-file-cache --enable-proxy-connect

# make && make install
# cp build/rpm/httpd.init /etc/init.d/httpd
------修改如下内容
# vim /etc/init.d/httpd
httpd=${HTTPD-/usr/local/apache/bin/httpd}
pidfile=${PIDFILE-/usr/local/apache/logs/${prog}.pid}
lockfile=${LOCKFILE-/var/lock/subsys/${prog}}
RETVAL=0
# check for 1.3 configuration
check13 () {

CONFFILE=/etc/httpd/httpd.conf

----------------------------------------------------------------------
修改环境变量并把Httpd加入到系统服务
# echo "PATH=/usr/local/apache/bin:$PATH" >> /etc/profile.d/http.sh
# . /etc/profile.d/http.sh
# ln -s /usr/local/apache/include/ /usr/include/httpd
# chkconfig --add httpd
----------------------------------------------------------------------
创建测试页
# echo "<h1>APACHE</h1>" > /usr/local/apache/htdocs/index.html

2、在Apache1与Apache2服务器上安装”tomcat-connectors”

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# tar xf tomcat-connectors-1.2.37-src.tar.gz
# cd tomcat-connectors-1.2.37-src/native/
# ./configure --with-apxs=/usr/local/apache/bin/apxs
# make && make install
------------------------------------------------------------------------
安装完成后会生成如下文件
# ls /usr/local/apache/modules/

mod_jk.so

------------------------------------------------------------------------
启动Httpd服务
#service httpd start
# ss -tanl |grep 80
LISTEN 0 128 :::80 :::*

3、访问测试Apache是否正常工作

四、配置Apache使用mod_jk模块实现代理及负载均衡

1、修改Apache主配置文件，包含一个文件并创建该文件；实现代理功能

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将下面指令添加到文件末尾即可
# vim /etc/httpd/httpd.conf
Include /etc/httpd/extra/mod_jk.conf
------------------------------------------------------------------------
创建文件添加如下内容
# vim /etc/httpd/extra/mod_jk.conf
LoadModule jk_module modules/mod_jk.so
JkWorkersFile /etc/httpd/extra/workers.properties
JkLogFile logs/mod_jk.log
JkLogLevel debug
JkMount /* TomcatA

JkMount /status/stat1

------------------------------------------------------------------------
# vim /etc/httpd/extra/workers.properties
worker.list=TomcatA,stat1
worker.TomcatA.port=8009
worker.TomcatA.host=172.16.14.3
worker.TomcatA.type=ajp13
worker.TomcatA.lbfactor=1

worker.stat1.type= status

----------------------------------------------------------------------
# service httpd restart

2、修改后端Tomcat1服务器，添加一个虚拟主机并提供测试页面

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[[email protected] ~]# cd /usr/local/tomcat/conf/
[[email protected] conf]# cp server.xml server.xml.bak
[[email protected] conf]# vim server.xml
######修改如下内容

<Engine name="Catalina"defaultHost="www.allen.com"jvmRoute="TomcatA">

######在"Engine"中添加如下内容

<Host name="www.allen.com"appBase="/web/allen"

unpackWARs="true"autoDeploy="true">

<Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve"directory="logs"

prefix="allen_access_log."suffix=".txt"

pattern="%h %l %u %t "%r" %s %b"/>

<Context path=""docBase="/web/allen"/>

</Host>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
######创建网站存放目录并创建测试页
[[email protected] ~]# mkdir -p /web/allen
[[email protected] ~]# vim /web/allen/index.jsp

<%@ page language="java"%>

<html>

<head><title>TomcatA</title></head>

<body>

<h1><font color="red">TomcatA </font></h1>

<table align="centre"border="1">

<tr>

<td>Session ID</td>

<% session.setAttribute("abc","abc"); %>

<td><%= session.getId() %></td>

</tr>

<tr>

<td>Created on</td>

<td><%= session.getCreationTime() %></td>

</tr>

</table>

</body>

</html>
----------------------------------------------------------------------
######重启Tomcat服务并查看是否启动成功
[[email protected] ~]# catalina.sh stop
[[email protected] ~]# catalina.sh configtest
[[email protected] ~]# catalina.sh start
[[email protected] ~]# ss -tanlp | grep java
LISTEN 0 100 :::8080 :::* users:(("java",6323,40))
LISTEN 0 1 ::ffff:127.0.0.1:8005 :::* users:(("java",6323,52))
LISTEN 0 100 :::8009 :::* users:(("java",6323,41))

3、访问Apache1主机，验证是否代理成功

4、修改Apache配置文件(mod_jk.conf、workers.properties)；实现负载均衡

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# vim /etc/httpd/extra/mod_jk.conf
LoadModule jk_module modules/mod_jk.so
JkWorkersFile /etc/httpd/extra/workers.properties
JkLogFile logs/mod_jk.log
JkLogLevel debug
JkMount /* lbcluster

JkMount /status/stat1

------------------------------------------------------------------------
# vim /etc/httpd/extra/workers.properties
worker.list=lbcluster,stat1
worker.TomcatA.port=8009
worker.TomcatA.host=172.16.14.3
worker.TomcatA.type=ajp13
worker.TomcatA.lbfactor=1
worker.TomcatB.port = 8009
worker.TomcatB.host=172.16.14.4

worker.TomcatB.type= ajp13

worker.TomcatB.lbfactor = 1

worker.lbcluster.type= lb

worker.lbcluster.sticky_session = 0 #取值为{1|0}1将用户session与后端服务器绑定，0为不绑定，如果支持session复制或session共享可以设置为0
worker.lbcluster.balance_workers = TomcatA, TomcatB

worker.stat1.type= status

----------------------------------------------------------------------
# service httpd reload

5、修改后端Tomcat2服务器，添加一个虚拟主机并提供测试页面

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[[email protected] ~]# cd /usr/local/tomcat/conf/
[[email protected] conf]# cp server.xml server.xml.bak
[[email protected] conf]# vim server.xml
######修改如下内容

<Engine name="Catalina"defaultHost="www.allen.com"jvmRoute="TomcatB">

######在"Engine"中添加如下内容

<Host name="www.allen.com"appBase="/web/allen"

unpackWARs="true"autoDeploy="true">

<Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve"directory="logs"

prefix="allen_access_log."suffix=".txt"

pattern="%h %l %u %t "%r" %s %b"/>

<Context path=""docBase="/web/allen"/>

</Host>

<%@ page language="java"%>

<html>

<head><title>TomcatB</title></head>

<body>

<h1><font color="blue">TomcatB </font></h1>

<table align="centre"border="1">

<tr>

<td>Session ID</td>

<% session.setAttribute("abc","abc"); %>

<td><%= session.getId() %></td>

</tr>

<tr>

<td>Created on</td>

<td><%= session.getCreationTime() %></td>

</tr>

</table>

</body>

6、访问Apache服务器，测试是否实现负载均衡

由上可见，基于Apache的mod_jk模块已成功实现负载均衡功能

五、配置Apache基于mod_proxy模块实现代理及负载均衡

1、修改Apache的主配置文件，包含一个文件并创建该文件；实现代理功能

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# vim /etc/httpd/httpd.conf
#Include /etc/httpd/extra/mod_jk.conf #注释此行
Include /etc/httpd/extra/mod_proxy.conf
------------------------------------------------------------------------
# vim /etc/httpd/extra/mod_proxy.conf
ProxyVia On
ProxyRequests Off
ProxyPreserveHost Off
<Proxy *>

Order allow,deny

Allow from all

</Proxy>

ProxyPass / ajp://172.16.14.3:8009/

ProxyPa***everse / ajp://172.16.14.3:8009/

<Location / >

Order allow,deny

Allow from all

</Location>
----------------------------------------------------------------------
# service httpd reload
======================================================================
注释：

ProxyPass / ajp://172.16.14.3:8009/ #使用的是ajp协议

ProxyPa***everse / ajp://172.16.14.3:8009/

可以更改为使用http协议；如下

ProxyPass / http://172.16.14.3:8080/

ProxyPa***everse / http://172.16.14.3:8080/

######这里只演示使用ajp协议,如果是Apache与Tomcat结合建议使用ajp协议

2、访问Apache1服务器，测试是否代理成功

3、修改Apache配置文件(mod_proxy.conf)；实现负载均衡

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# vim /etc/httpd/extra/mod_proxy.conf
ProxyVia Off
ProxyRequests Off
ProxyPreserveHost Off
<Proxy balancer://allen>

BalancerMember ajp://172.16.14.3:8009 loadfactor=1

BalancerMember ajp://172.16.14.4:8009 loadfactor=1

ProxySet lbmethod=bytraffic

</Proxy>
<Location /allen> #设置状态及管理页面

SetHandler balancer-manager

Proxypass !

Order allow,deny

Allow from all

</Location>
<Proxy *>

Order allow,deny

Allow from all

</Proxy>

ProxyPass / balancer://allen/stickysession=JSESSIONID

ProxyPa***everse / balancer://allen/

<Location / >

Order allow,deny

Allow from all

</Location>
----------------------------------------------------------------------
注释：

BalancerMember ajp://172.16.14.3:8009 loadfactor=1 #使用ajp协议

BalancerMember ajp://172.16.14.4:8009 loadfactor=1

可更改为使用http协议

BalancerMember http://172.16.14.3:8080 loadfactor=1

BalancerMember http://172.16.14.4:8080 loadfactor=1

######这里只介绍使用ajp协议，如果有兴趣可以更改一下；loadfactor：权重
----------------------------------------------------------------------
ProxySet lbmethod=bytraffic #设置调度算法
byrequests：即基于权重将统计请求个数进行调度(默认)
bytraffic：则执行基于权重的流量计数调度
bybusyness：通过考量每个后端服务器的当前负载进行调度
----------------------------------------------------------------------
# service httpd reload

4、访问Apache服务器，测试基于mod_proxy模块是否实现负载均衡

5、访问状态页面

六、论坛安装

1、在Tomcat1服务器上安装

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14 # unzip JspRun\!_6.0.0_GBK.zip
# mv /web/allen/index.jsp /web/allen/test.jsp
# cp -r upload/* /web/allen/
------------------------------------------------------------------------
修改论坛数据库连接文件
# vim /web/allen/config.properties
dbhost = 172.16.14.5
dbport=3306
dbuser = bbsuser
dbpw = bbspass
dbname = bbs
------------------------------------------------------------------------
# catalina.sh stop
# catalina.sh start

2、安装论坛程序

3、点击下一步–>我同意–>下一步，进入数据库配置页面

4、点下一步–>(填写管理员密码)下一步–>进入创建数据表阶段–>然后点–>进入首页

5、将论坛程序拷贝到Tomcat2服务器上一份并访问测试

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5 # mv /web/allen/index.jsp /web/allen/test.jsp #把原来的测试页重命名
------------------------------------------------------------------------
# scp -r 172.16.14.3:/web/allen/* /web/allen/
# catalina.sh stop
# catalina.sh start

6、访问Apache服务器，测试是否能正常访问论坛程序，这里就不在做访问测试

七、安装并配置Keepalived

1、将Apache1服务器的Httpd配置文件复制到Apache2服务器

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4 [[email protected] ~]# cd /etc/httpd/
[[email protected] httpd]# scp httpd.conf 172.16.14.2:/etc/httpd/
[[email protected] httpd]# cd extra/
[[email protected] extra]# scp mod_jk.conf mod_proxy.conf workers.properties 172.16.14.2:/etc/httpd/extra/

2、在Apache1与Apache2服务器上安装Keepalived；这里使用rpm包安装，光盘映像中有

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3 [[email protected] ~]# yum -y install keepalived
--------------------------------------------
[[email protected] ~]# yum -y install keepalived

3、配置Apache1服务器上的Keepalived

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[[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf

! Configuration File forkeepalived

global_defs {

notification_email {

[email protected]

}

notification_email_from [email protected]

smtp_server 172.16.0.0

smtp_connect_timeout 30

router_id LVS_ALLEN

}
vrrp_script chk_httpd {

script "killall -0 httpd"

interval 1

weight -2

}
vrrp_instance httpd_1 {

state MASTER

interface eth0

virtual_router_id 58

priority 100

advert_int 1

authentication {

auth_type PASS

auth_pass 1058

}

virtual_ipaddress {

172.16.14.10

}

track_script {

chk_httpd

}

}
[[email protected] ~]# service keepalived start
[[email protected] ~]# chkconfig keepalived on
[[email protected] ~]# chkconfig --list keepalived
keepalived 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
[[email protected] ~]# ip addr show eth0
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000

link/ether00:0c:29:2c:1a:24 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

inet 172.16.14.1/16brd 172.16.255.255 scope global eth0

inet 172.16.14.10/32scope global eth0

inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe2c:1a24/64scope link

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

4、配置Apache2服务器上的Keepalived

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[[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf

! Configuration File forkeepalived

global_defs {

notification_email {

[email protected]

}

notification_email_from [email protected]

smtp_server 172.16.0.0

smtp_connect_timeout 30

router_id LVS_ALLEN

}
vrrp_script chk_httpd {

script "killall -0 httpd"

interval 1

weight -2

}
vrrp_instance httpd_1 {

state BACKUP

interface eth0

virtual_router_id 58

priority 99

advert_int 1

authentication {

auth_type PASS

auth_pass 1058

}

virtual_ipaddress {

172.16.14.10

}

track_script {

chk_httpd

}

}
[[email protected] ~]# service keepalived start
[[email protected] ~]# chkconfig --list keepalived
keepalived 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off

5、使用”www.allen.com” 域名访问，验证是否能访问到论坛；由于没有DNS服务器解析，修改了”hosts”文件；如：

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3 ######添加如下内容解析
C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc\hosts
172.16.14.10 www.allen.com

6、模拟前端一台服务器出现故障；查看虚拟IP是否转移

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######停止Apache1服务器上的Httpd服务来模拟故障；并查看IP
[[email protected] ~]# service httpd stop
[[email protected] ~]# ip addr show eth0
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000

link/ether00:0c:29:2c:1a:24 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

inet 172.16.14.1/16brd 172.16.255.255 scope global eth0

inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe2c:1a24/64scope link

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

========================================================================
######查看Apache2服务器上的IP
[[email protected] ~]# ip addr show eth0
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000

link/ether00:0c:29:ec:f6:3f brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

inet 172.16.14.2/16brd 172.16.255.255 scope global eth0

inet 172.16.14.10/32scope global eth0

inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:feec:f63f/64scope link

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

7、从上一步可以看出，虚拟IP地址已成功转移，说明还能正常提供服务，可以再次访问测试；如果服务器修复好重新上线，虚拟IP还会转移回去；这里就不再测试

到此，基于Apache做反向代理实现了Tomcat的负载均衡；而Keepalived实现了前端服务器的高可用；关于session保存的问题，方案有很多，比如可以保存到”memcached”、”redis”等，使用哪种方案具体还要根据自己的需求而定…

本文出自 “ALLEN” 博客，谢绝转载！

转载于:https://blog.51cto.com/ljl2013/1353564

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