Ubuntu1804搭建NFS服务器

1、安装nfs-server 必须包

ywll@ywll-len:~$ sudo apt-get install nfs-server -y

[sudo] password for ywll:

Reading package lists… Done

Building dependency tree

Reading state information… Done

Note, selecting \’nfs-kernel-server\’ instead of \’nfs-server\’

The following additional packages will be installed:

  keyutils libnfsidmap2 libtirpc1 nfs-common rpcbind

Suggested packages:

  open-iscsi watchdog

The following NEW packages will be installed:

  keyutils libnfsidmap2 libtirpc1 nfs-common nfs-kernel-server rpcbind

0 upgraded, 6 newly installed, 0 to remove and 621 not upgraded.

Need to get 491 kB of archives.

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Get:1 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic/main amd64 keyutils amd64 1.5.9-9.2ubuntu2 [47.9 kB]

Get:2 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic/main amd64 libnfsidmap2 amd64 0.25-5.1 [27.2 kB]

Get:3 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic-security/main amd64 libtirpc1 amd64 0.2.5-1.2ubuntu0.1 [75.7 kB]

Get:4 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic/main amd64 rpcbind amd64 0.2.3-0.6 [40.6 kB]

Get:5 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic-security/main amd64 nfs-common amd64 1:1.3.4-2.1ubuntu5.3 [206 kB]

Get:6 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic-security/main amd64 nfs-kernel-server amd64 1:1.3.4-2.1ubuntu5.3 [93.8 kB]

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Setting up libnfsidmap2:amd64 (0.25-5.1) …

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Setting up keyutils (1.5.9-9.2ubuntu2) …

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Setting up libtirpc1:amd64 (0.2.5-1.2ubuntu0.1) …

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Setting up rpcbind (0.2.3-0.6) …

Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/rpcbind.service → /lib/systemd/system/rpcbind.service.

Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/sockets.target.wants/rpcbind.socket → /lib/systemd/system/rpcbind.socket.

Setting up nfs-common (1:1.3.4-2.1ubuntu5.3) …

Creating config file /etc/idmapd.conf with new version

Adding system user `statd\’ (UID 123) …

Adding new user `statd\’ (UID 123) with group `nogroup\’ …

Not creating home directory `/var/lib/nfs\’.

Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/nfs-client.target → /lib/systemd/system/nfs-client.target.

Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/remote-fs.target.wants/nfs-client.target → /lib/systemd/system/nfs-client.target.

nfs-utils.service is a disabled or a static unit, not starting it.

Setting up nfs-kernel-server (1:1.3.4-2.1ubuntu5.3) …

Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/nfs-server.service → /lib/systemd/system/nfs-server.service.

Job for nfs-server.service canceled.

Creating config file /etc/exports with new version

Creating config file /etc/default/nfs-kernel-server with new version

Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.27-3ubuntu1) …

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2、设置NFS的共享目录

ywll@ywll-len:~$ sudo vim /etc/exports

 # /etc/exports: the access control list for filesystems which may be exported

#               to NFS clients.  See exports(5).

#

# Example for NFSv2 and NFSv3:

# /srv/homes       hostname1(rw,sync,no_subtree_check) hostname2(ro,sync,no_subtree_check)

/mnt/share  *(rw,sync,no_subtree_check)

# Example for NFSv4:

# /srv/nfs4        gss/krb5i(rw,sync,fsid=0,crossmnt,no_subtree_check)

# /srv/nfs4/homes  gss/krb5i(rw,sync,no_subtree_check)

文件中的/mnt/share  *(rw,sync,no_subtree_check) 是新增加的部分，可按照实际需要进行编写；内部的参数在后面会进行介绍；

3、在服务器系统上创建真实的共享目录

ywll@ywll-len:~$ sudo mkdir /mnt/share

4、修改目录的相关权限

ywll@ywll-len:~$ sudo chmod o+rw /mnt/share/

5、重启NFS server;

ywll@ywll-len:~$ sudo /etc/init.d/nfs-kernel-server restart

[ ok ….] Restarting nfs-kernel-server (via systemctl): nfs-kernel-server.service.

6、查看共享目录是否成功

ywll@ywll-len:~$ sudo exportfs

/mnt/share      <world>

7、客户端测试

[root@localhost /]# mount -t nfs 192.168.101.67:/mnt/share /mnt/

[root@localhost mnt]# mount | grep /mnt

192.168.101.67:/mnt/share on /mnt type nfs4 (rw,relatime,vers=4.2,rsize=524288,wsize=524288,namlen=255,hard,proto=tcp,timeo=600,retrans=2,sec=sys,clientaddr=192.168.107.117,local_lock=none,addr=192.168.101.67)

[root@localhost mnt]# touch 1

[root@localhost mnt]# rm -rf 1

[root@localhost mnt]# touch 1

[root@localhost mnt]# ll

total 0

-rw-r–r–. 1 nobody nobody 0 Jun 30 21:55 1

[root@localhost mnt]# rm -rf 1

[root@localhost mnt]# ll

total 0

8、exports 文件中的参数介绍

第一项:/mnt/share

　　指在NFS服务器上被用来共享的目录, 该目录会和客户端的某个目录同步

第二项: *

　　这个 * 指的是要绑定到 该目录(第一项中指定的)的客户端 IP。若设置为 * 则表示允许任何NFS客户端绑定到该目录;

可以设置单个的主机，如：192.168.1.10 表示仅允许IP 为 192.168.1.10的客户端绑定该目录；

特定ip地址的主机：192.168.1.10

特定子网中的所有主机：192.168.1.0/24 或 192.168.1.0/255.255.255.0

所有主机：*

第三项: rw

　　这里表示客户端对该共享目录的权限,

ro：共享目录只读；

rw：共享目录可读可写；

第四项: sync

sync：将数据同步写入内存缓冲区与磁盘中，效率低，但可以保证数据的一致性；

async：将数据先保存在内存缓冲区中，必要时才写入磁盘；

第五项: no_subtree_check

all_squash：所有访问用户都映射为匿名用户或用户组；

no_all_squash（默认）：访问用户先与本机用户匹配，匹配失败后再映射为匿名用户或用户组；

root_squash（默认）：将来访的root用户映射为匿名用户或用户组；

no_root_squash：来访的root用户保持root帐号权限；

subtree_check（默认） ：若输出目录是一个子目录，则nfs服务器将检查其父目录的权限；

no_subtree_check ：即使输出目录是一个子目录，nfs服务器也不检查其父目录的权限，这样可以提高效率；

其他可用项:

anonuid=<UID>：指定匿名访问用户的本地用户UID，默认为nfsnobody（65534）；

anongid=<GID>：指定匿名访问用户的本地用户组GID，默认为nfsnobody（65534）；

secure（默认）：限制客户端只能从小于1024的tcp/ip端口连接服务器；

insecure：允许客户端从大于1024的tcp/ip端口连接服务器；

wdelay（默认）：检查是否有相关的写操作，如果有则将这些写操作一起执行，这样可以提高效率；

no_wdelay：若有写操作则立即执行，应与sync配合使用；

原文链接：https://www.cnblogs.com/juzib/p/13217720.html
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